Erdheim-Chester disease (ECD) is a rare histiocytosis that was recently recognized as a
neoplastic disorder owing to the discovery of recurrent activating MAPK (RAS-RAF-MEK …

Histiocytoses constitute a heterogeneous group of rare disorders, characterised by
infiltration of almost any organ by myeloid cells with diverse macrophage or dendritic cell …

Since the publication of the Revised European-American Classification of Lymphoid
Neoplasms in 1994, subsequent updates of the classification of lymphoid neoplasms have …

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) can affect children and adults with a wide variety of
clinical manifestations, including unifocal, single-system multifocal, single-system pulmonary …

With the introduction of large-scale molecular profiling methods and high-throughput
sequencing technologies, the genomic features of most lymphoid neoplasms have been …

ALK-positive histiocytosis is a rare subtype of histiocytic neoplasm first described in 2008 in
3 infants with multisystemic disease involving the liver and hematopoietic system. This entity …

Hematological malignancies are a highly heterogeneous group of diseases with varied
molecular and phenotypical characteristics. SWI/SNF (SWItch/Sucrose Non-Fermentable) …

Dedifferentiated melanoma (DM) and undifferentiated melanoma (UM) is defined as a
primary or metastatic melanoma showing transition between conventional and …

Abstract The RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK signaling pathway is vital for different cellular
mechanisms including cell proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. This importance is …

During emergency hematopoiesis, hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) rapidly proliferate to
produce myeloid and lymphoid effector cells, a response that is critical against infection or …