In this expository paper, we review methods for monitoring medical outcomes with a focus
on surgical quality. We discuss the importance and role of risk adjustment. We give the …

Background Frailty has emerged as an important predictor of operative risk among elderly
surgical patients. However, the complexity of prospective frailty scores has limited their …

The incidence and prevalence of most cardiovascular disorders increase with age, and
cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death and major disability in adults …

Objective The objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of the American College of
Surgeons (ACS) National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) surgical risk …

Importance Surgical site infection (SSI) has emerged as the leading publicly reported
surgical outcome and is tied to payment determinations. Many hospitals monitor SSIs using …

Objective: The study aim was to quantify the burden of complications of
pancreatoduodenectomy (PD). Background: The Postoperative Morbidity Index (PMI) is a …

Abstract Background and Objectives Delayed gastric emptying (DGE) occurs commonly
following pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD), but the rate of DGE in the absence of other intra …

Background Commonly used cardiovascular risk calculators do not provide risk estimation of
stroke, a major postoperative complication with high morbidity and mortality. We developed …

Major perioperative cardiac events are estimated to complicate between 1.4% and 3.9% of
surgeries. Because most surgeries are elective, there is the opportunity to implement …

Importance Delayed appendicitis diagnosis is associated with worse outcomes. Appendicitis
hospital care costs associated with delayed diagnosis are unknown. Objective To determine …