Although most patients with chronic pain are women, the preclinical literature regarding pain
processing and the pathophysiology of chronic pain has historically been derived …

Satellite glial cells (SGCs) closely envelop cell bodies of neurons in sensory, sympathetic
and parasympathetic ganglia. This unique organization is not found elsewhere in the …

The transition from acute to chronic pain is critically important but not well understood. Here,
we investigated the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the transition from acute to …

Interactions between the immune and nervous systems are of central importance in
neuropathic pain, a common and debilitating form of chronic pain caused by a lesion or …

Astrocytes are critical for maintaining the homeostasis of the CNS. Increasing evidence
suggests that a number of neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders, including chronic …

Pain is a hallmark of tissue injury, inflammatory diseases, pathogen invasion and
neuropathy. It is mediated by nociceptor sensory neurons that innervate the skin, joints …

Acute pain is protective and a cardinal feature of inflammation. Chronic pain after arthritis,
nerve injury, cancer, and chemotherapy is associated with chronic neuroinflammation, a …

Exercise is considered an important component of effective chronic pain management and it
is well-established that long-term exercise training provides pain relief. In healthy, pain-free …

Inflammation is a complex biological response fundamental to how the body deals with
injury and infection to eliminate the initial cause of cell injury and effect repair. Unlike a …

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating injury that characterized by oxidative stress and
inflammatory response. Kaempferol is reported to be an anti-neuroinflammation in …