Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) is a life changing neurological condition with substantial
socioeconomic implications for patients and their care-givers. Recent advances in medical …

Injury or disease to the CNS results in multifaceted cellular and molecular responses. One
such response, the glial scar, is a structural formation of reactive glia around an area of …

The pathological role of reactive gliosis in CNS repair remains controversial. In this study,
using murine ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke models, we demonstrated that microglia …

The inability to recover functions lost after severe spinal cord injury has been recognized for
millennia and was first attributed to a failure of spinal cord neural regeneration over 100 …

Transected axons are unable to regenerate after spinal cord injury (SCI). Glial scar is
thought to be responsible for this failure. Regulating the formation of glial scar post-SCI may …

Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) act as potent inhibitors of axonal growth and
neuroplasticity after spinal cord injury (SCI). Here we reveal that CSPGs also play a critical …

Sulfation is a dynamic and complex posttranslational modification process. It can occur at
various positions within the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) backbone and modulates …

Glial cell types were classified less than 100 years ago by del Rio-Hortega. For instance, he
correctly surmised that microglia in pathologic central nervous system (CNS) were …

Injury to the central nervous system (CNS) results in oligodendrocyte cell death and
progressive demyelination. Demyelinated axons undergo considerable physiological …

One reason that many central nervous system injuries, including those arising from traumatic
brain injury, spinal cord injury, and stroke, have limited recovery of function is that neurons …