Drug metabolism is a critical process for the removal of unwanted substances from the body.
In humans, approximately 80% of oxidative metabolism and almost 50% of the overall …

The regulation of brain cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYPs) is different compared with
respective hepatic enzymes. This may result from anatomical bases and physiological …

Several useful animal models for parkinsonism have been developed so far. Haloperidol‐
induced catalepsy is often used as a rodent model for the study of motor impairments …

The functional role of cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes in the brain is an exciting and
evolving field of research. CYPs are present and active in the brain, with heterogeneous …

Cytochrome P450 (CYP) plays an important role in psychopharmacology. While liver CYP
enzymes are responsible for the biotransformation of psychotropic drugs, brain CYP …

Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is a potentially permanent movement disorder resulting from chronic
use of dopamine receptor blocking agents (DRBA). Identified risk factors include the type of …

Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is a potentially irreversible and often debilitating movement disorder
secondary to chronic use of dopamine receptor blocking medications. Genetic factors have …

Cytochrome P450s (CYPs) and UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) are both greatly
important metabolic enzymes in various tissues, including brain. Although expressions of …

Tardive dyskinesia is a severe motor adverse event of antipsychotic medication,
characterized by involuntary athetoid movements of the trunk, limbs, and/or orofacial areas …

Opioids, and numerous centrally active drugs, are metabolized by cytochrome P450 2D
(CYP2D). There are sex and estrous cycle differences in brain oxycodone analgesia. Here …