The brain harbors a unique ability to, figuratively speaking, shift its gears. During
wakefulness, the brain is geared fully toward processing information and behaving, while …

Background: Preservation of brain health has emerged as a leading public health priority for
the aging world population. Advances in neurovascular biology have revealed an intricate …

The glymphatic hypothesis proposes a mechanism for extravascular transport into and out of
the brain of hydrophilic solutes unable to cross the blood–brain barrier. It suggests that there …

Sleep is essential for brain function in a surprisingly diverse set of ways. In the short term,
lack of sleep leads to impaired memory and attention; in the longer term, it produces …

The classic concept of the absence of lymphatic vessels in the central nervous system
(CNS), suggesting the immune privilege of the brain in spite of its high metabolic rate, was …

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow maintains healthy brain homeostasis, facilitating solute
transport and the exchange of brain waste products. CSF flow is thus important for brain …

Neurofluids is a term introduced to define all fluids in the brain and spine such as blood,
cerebrospinal fluid, and interstitial fluid. Neuroscientists in the past millennium have steadily …

Normal physiologic function of organs requires a circulation of interstitial fluid to deliver
nutrients and clear cellular waste products. Lymphatic vessels serve as collectors of this fluid …

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flowing through periarterial spaces is integral to the brain's
mechanism for clearing metabolic waste products. Experiments that track tracer particles …

Background Infusion testing is a common procedure to determine whether shunting will be
beneficial in patients with normal pressure hydrocephalus. The method has a well …