Extending the durability of response is the current focus in cancer immunotherapy with
immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). However, factors like non-immunogenic tumor …

CD8+ T cells are the front-line defensive cells against cancer. Reduced infiltration and
effector function of CD8+ T cells occurs in cancer and is contributed to defective immunity …

Simple Summary Cancer is the leading cause of death worldwide, and the overall aging of
the population results in an increased risk of a cancer diagnosis during a person's lifetime …

Solid tumors have a dynamic ecosystem in which malignant and non-malignant (endothelial,
stromal, and immune) cell types constantly interact. Importantly, the abundance, localization …

Cytokines operate in concert to maintain immune homeostasis and coordinate immune
responses. In cases of ER+ breast cancer, peripheral immune cells exhibit altered …

Undeniably, cancer immunotherapies have expanded the spectrum of cancer treatment,
however, some patients do not respond to immunotherapies. This scenario is no different for …

Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is a promising target for cancer immunotherapy due to
its ability to inhibit T cell activation; however, its expression on various noncancer cells may …

Background Effective anti-tumor immune responses are mediated by T cells and require
organized, spatially coordinated interactions within the tumor microenvironment (TME) …

The efficacy of nanoparticle (NP)‐based drug delivery technology is hampered by aberrant
tumor stromal microenvironments (TSMs) that hinder NP transportation. Therefore, the …

Over the past decade, US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved immune
checkpoint inhibitors that target programmed death-1 (PD-1) have demonstrated significant …