Type 4 filaments (T4F) are a superfamily of filamentous nanomachines–virtually ubiquitous
in prokaryotes and functionally versatile–of which type 4 pili (T4P) are the defining member …

Electrically conductive appendages from the anaerobic bacterium Geobacter
sulfurreducens, recently identified as extracellular cytochrome nanowires (ECNs), have …

Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) incorporating air-breathing cathodes have emerged as a
promising eco-friendly wastewater treatment technology capable of operating on an energy …

Fuel cells are vital devices converting chemicals into electrical energy, with electrodes
crucial for their efficiency. Biochar, a carbon-rich material from biomass, is gaining attention …

Electroactive biofilms (EBs) engage in complex electron transfer and storage processes
involving intracellular and extracellular mediators with temporary electron storage …

Type IV pili (T4P) are ubiquitous in both bacteria and archaea. They are polymers of the
major pilin protein, which has an extended and protruding N-terminal helix, α1, and a …

Geobacter sulfurreducens mediates extracellular electron transfer (EET) reactions with
different substrates, such as solid-phase Fe (III)-containing minerals, anodes and the cells of …

Abstract Type 4 pili (T4P) are important virulence factors, which belong to a superfamily of
nanomachines ubiquitous in prokaryotes, called type 4 filaments (T4F). T4F are defined as …

Bio-based energy production utilizing renewable resources can be realized by
exoelectrogenic organisms and their application in bioelectrochemical systems (BES) …

Microbial extracellular reduction of insoluble compounds requires soluble electron shuttles
that diffuse in the environment, freely diffusing cytochromes, or direct contact with cellular …