Highlights•The most common reason for the failure of the cancer treatment is the evolving
drug resistance.•The ABC transporters mainly P-gp, BCRP and MRP1 are responsible for …

Conventional chemotherapy, one of the most widely used cancer treatment methods, has
serious side effects, and usually results in cancer treatment failure. Drug resistance is one of …

Drug bioavailability is a crucial aspect of pharmacology, affecting the effectiveness of drug
therapy. Understanding how drugs are absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and eliminated in …

Cancer heterogeneity and drug resistance remain pivotal obstacles in effective cancer
treatment and management. One major contributor to these challenges is epigenetic …

Astrocytes are important for maintaining cholesterol metabolism, glutamate uptake, and
neurotransmission. Indeed, inflammatory processes and neurodegeneration contribute to …

Flavonoids are a large subgroup of polyphenols known to be sourced from over 6000
natural products, including fruits, vegetables, bark, and herbs. Due to their antioxidant …

ABC transporters are ubiquitous in the human body and are responsible for the efflux of
drugs. They are present in the placenta, intestine, liver and kidney, which are the major …

The traditionally dismal outcome of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients carrying the FMS-
related tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) mutations has been mitigated by the recent introduction of …

Engineered nanomaterials have been explored for chemotherapeutic drug delivery systems
toward improved therapeutic effects. In this study, magnetic nanospheres consisting of MCM …

The lipopolysaccharide, a microbial toxin, is one of the major causative agents of sepsis. P-
gp expression and its functions are altered during inflammation. LPS has been known to …