Cadmium (Cd) is an unessential trace element in plants that is ubiquitous in the
environment. Anthropogenic activities such as disposal of urban refuse, smelting, mining …

Magnesium (Mg) affects various critical physiological and biochemical processes in higher
plants, and its deficiency impedes plant growth and development. Although potassium (K) …

Although magnesium (Mg) is one of the most important nutrients, involved in many enzyme
activities and the structural stabilization of tissues, its importance as a macronutrient ion has …

When plants are subjected to high metal exposure, different plant species take different
strategies in response to metal-induced stress. Largely, plants can be distinguished in four …

The use of natural plant biostimulants is proposed as a promising and innovative approach
to ensure improved and sustainable yields and product quality. A greenhouse experiment …

Cadmium (Cd) is an inorganic mineral in the earth's crust. Cadmium entry into the
environment occurs through geogenic and anthropogenic sources. Industrial activities …

Heavy metals are important environmental pollutants and their toxicity is a problem of
increasing significance for ecological, evolutionary, nutritional, and environmental reasons …

Global modernization is responsible for industrialization, urbanization and several other
anthropogenic activities, which involves the huge application of heavy metals. Heavy metals …

Abstract Background Magnesium (Mg) is pivotal for many biochemical and physiological
processes in plants. Mg biological functions include a key role in photosynthesis, in protein …

In plants, the excess of several heavy metals mimics iron (Fe) deficiency-induced chlorosis,
indicating a disturbance in Fe homeostasis. To examine the level at which heavy metals …