Directed evolution aims to expedite the natural evolution process of biological molecules
and systems in a test tube through iterative rounds of gene diversifications and library …

Biofilm is complex and consists of bacterial colonies that reside in an exopolysaccharide
matrix that attaches to foreign surfaces in a living organism. Biofilm frequently leads to …

Microplastics pollution is major threat to ecosystems and is impacting abiotic and biotic
components. Microplastics are diverse and highly complex contaminants that transport other …

Genome editing has therapeutic potential for treating genetic diseases and cancer.
However, the currently most practicable approaches rely on the generation of DNA double …

Based on engineered or bacterial nucleases, the development of genome editing
technologies has opened up the possibility of directly targeting and modifying genomic …

Bioelectrocatalysis is an interdisciplinary research field combining biocatalysis and
electrocatalysis via the utilization of materials derived from biological systems as catalysts to …

Gene editing that makes target gene modification in the genome by deletion or addition has
revolutionized the era of biomedicine. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic …

Manipulation of DNA by CRISPR-Cas enzymes requires the recognition of a protospacer-
adjacent motif (PAM), limiting target site recognition to a subset of sequences. To remove …

The ever-expanding set of CRISPR technologies and their programmable RNA-guided
nucleases exhibit remarkable flexibility in DNA targeting. However, this flexibility comes with …

Many clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-CRISPR-
associated protein 9 (Cas9)-based genome editing technologies take advantage of Cas …