Medulloblastoma (MB) comprises a biologically heterogeneous group of embryonal tumours
of the cerebellum. Four subgroups of MB have been described (WNT, sonic hedgehog …

Metastasis has intrigued researchers for more than 100 years. Despite the development of
technologies and therapeutic strategies, metastasis is still the major cause of cancer-related …

During mammalian embryonic development, primary cilia transduce and regulate several
signaling pathways. Among the various pathways, Sonic hedgehog (SHH) is one of the most …

The tumor microenvironment (TME) is critical for tumor progression. However, the
establishment and function of the TME remain obscure because of its complex cellular …

In recent years, the functions of glial cells, namely, astrocytes and microglia, have gained
prominence in several diseases of the central nervous system, especially in glioblastoma …

Pediatric central nervous system tumors are the most common solid malignancies in
childhood, and aggressive therapy often leads to long-term sequelae in survivors, making …

Background Medulloblastoma (MB) is a heterogeneous disease in which neoplastic cells
and associated immune cells contribute to disease progression. We aimed to determine the …

The Hedgehog (HH) signaling pathway plays important roles in gastrointestinal
carcinogenesis and the gastrointestinal tumor microenvironment (TME). Aberrant HH …

Medulloblastoma (MB) is a highly malignant cerebellar tumor predominantly diagnosed
during childhood. Driven by pathogenic activation of sonic hedgehog (SHH) signaling, SHH …

The idea that tumor initiation and progression are driven by a subset of cells endowed with
stem-like properties was first described by Rudolf Virchow in 1855.'Cancer stem cells', as …