Vaccines work by eliciting an immune response and consequent immunological memory
that mediates protection from infection or disease. Recently, new methods have been …

The immune system can remember, sometimes for a lifetime, the identity of a pathogen.
Understanding how this is accomplished has fascinated immunologists and microbiologists …

The differentiation of human memory CD8 T cells is not well understood. Here we address
this issue using the live yellow fever virus (YFV) vaccine, which induces long-term immunity …

In metazoans, specific tasks are relegated to dedicated organs that are established early in
development, occupy discrete locations and typically remain fixed in size. The adult immune …

We have recently defined a novel population of PD-1 (programmed cell death 1)+ TCF1 (T
cell factor 1)+ virus-specific CD8 T cells that function as resource cells during chronic LCMV …

T cell exhaustion often occurs during chronic infection and prevents optimal viral control.
The molecular pathways involved in T cell exhaustion remain poorly understood. Here we …

We examined the regulation of virus-specific CD8 T cell responses during chronic
lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection of mice. Our study shows that within the …

Memory CD8 T cells can be divided into two subsets, central (TCM) and effector (TEM), but
their lineage relationships and their ability to persist and confer protective immunity are not …

Conventional models suggest that long-term antibody responses are maintained by the
continuous differentiation of memory B cells into antibody-secreting plasma cells. This is …

Upon stimulation with their cognate antigen, naive T cells undergo proliferation and
differentiation into effector cells, followed by apoptosis or survival as precursors of long‐lived …