Per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are ubiquitous drinking water contaminants of
concern due to mounting evidence implicating adverse health outcomes associated with …

In the 1970s, treatment with thyroid extract was superseded by levothyroxine, a synthetic l
form of tetraiodothyronine. Since then, no major innovation has emerged for the treatment of …

Selenium is an essential micronutrient with important functions in human health and
relevance to several pathophysiological conditions. The biological effects of selenium are …

In all vertebrates, the thyroid axis is an endocrine feedback system that affects growth,
differentiation, and reproduction, by sensing and translating central and peripheral signals to …

The skeleton is an exquisitely sensitive and archetypal T3-target tissue that demonstrates
the critical role for thyroid hormones during development, linear growth, and adult bone …

Thyroid hormone (TH) molecules enter cells via membrane transporters and, depending on
the cell type, can be activated (ie, T4 to T3 conversion) or inactivated (ie, T3 to 3, 3′-diiodo-l …

Background: A number of recent advances in our understanding of thyroid physiology may
shed light on why some patients feel unwell while taking levothyroxine monotherapy. The …

The deiodinase family of enzymes mediates the activation and inactivation of thyroid
hormone. The role of these enzymes in the regulation of the systemic concentrations of …

Naturally produced halogenated compounds are ubiquitous across all domains of life where
they perform a multitude of biological functions and adopt a diversity of chemical structures …

The nongenomic actions of thyroid hormone begin at receptors in the plasma membrane,
mitochondria or cytoplasm. These receptors can share structural homologies with nuclear …