The development of immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has heralded a new era in cancer
treatment, enabling the possibility of long-term survival in patients with metastatic disease …

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are abundant in tumor tissues, raising a question of whether
immunosuppressive tumor-infiltrating Tregs (TI-Tregs) can be selectively depleted or …

Unprecedented advances have been made in cancer treatment with the use of immune
checkpoint blockade (ICB). However, responses are limited to a subset of patients, and …

Cancer immunotherapies, including checkpoint inhibitors and adoptive cell therapy,
manipulate the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells. These therapies have …

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are monoclonal antibodies that target two key signalling
pathways related to T cell activation and exhaustion, by binding to and inhibiting cytotoxic T …

Abstract Immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICBs), in addition to targeting CTLA-4, PD-1, and PD-
L1, novel targeting LAG-3 drugs have also been approved in clinical application. With the …

Background The use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has become standard therapy in
many tumor sites. The aim of this study is to systematically review the literature to determine …

Although immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have transformed the treatment landscape for
patients with many advanced malignancies, only 15–60% of patients respond, leaving a …

Cytotoxic T cell immunity in response to chronic infections and tumours is maintained by a
specialized population of CD8+ T cells that exhibit hallmarks of both exhausted and memory …

Background A number of studies have reported an association between the occurrence of
immune-related adverse events (irAEs) and clinical efficacy in patients undergoing treatment …