Considerable progress has been made in recent years in the structural and molecular
biology of type IV secretion systems in Gram-negative bacteria. The latest advances have …

Bacterial type IV secretion systems (T4SSs) are a functionally diverse translocation
superfamily. They consist mainly of two large subfamilies:(i) conjugation systems that …

Type IV secretion systems (T4SSs) are versatile multiprotein nanomachines spanning the
entire cell envelope in Gram‐negative and Gram‐positive bacteria. They play important …

Bacterial conjugation is one of the main mechanisms for horizontal gene transfer. It
constitutes a key element in the dissemination of antibiotic resistance and virulence genes to …

The bacterial type IV secretion systems (T4SSs) translocate DNA and protein substrates to
bacterial or eukaryotic target cells generally by a mechanism dependent on direct cell-to-cell …

Conjugation is the process by which bacteria exchange genetic materials in a unidirectional
manner from a donor cell to a recipient cell. The discovery of conjugation signalled the dawn …

Escherichia coli and other Gram-negative and-positive bacteria employ type IV secretion
systems (T4SSs) to translocate DNA and protein substrates, generally by contact-dependent …

Conjugation, the process by which plasmid DNA is transferred from one bacterium to
another, is mediated by type IV secretion systems (T4SSs). T4SSs are versatile systems that …

Bacteria of the Xanthomonas genus are mainly phytopathogens of a large variety of crops of
economic importance worldwide. Xanthomonas spp. rely on an arsenal of protein effectors …

Bacteria use a wide arsenal of macromolecular substrates (DNA and proteins) to interact
with or infect prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. To do so, they utilize substrate-injecting …