Emerging evidence indicates that the gut microbiota play a crucial role in the bidirectional
communication between the gut and the brain suggesting that the gut microbes may shape …

I. INTRODUCTION 1877 II. STUDYING THE... 1881 III. MICROBIOTA-GUT-BRAIN AXIS...
1907 IV. PATHWAYS OF COMMUNICATION 1911 V. MICROBIOTA AND SYNAPTIC... 1929 …

The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is involved in the pathophysiology of many
neuropsychiatric disorders. Increased HPA axis activity can be observed during chronic …

Depression is one of the most poorly understood diseases due to its elusive pathogenesis.
There is an urgency to identify molecular and biological mechanisms underlying depression …

Each individual is provided with a unique gut microbiota profile that plays many specific
functions in host nutrient metabolism, maintenance of structural integrity of the gut mucosal …

Introduction: There has long been an interest in the effects of diet on mental health, and the
interaction of the two with stress; however, the nature of these relationships is not well …

BACKGROUND Increasingly, it is recognized that the microbes resident in the
gastrointestinal tract can influence brain physiology and behavior. Research has shown that …

Preclinical and clinical studies have shown bidirectional interactions within the brain-gut-
microbiome axis. Gut microbes communicate to the central nervous system through at least …

Key points Chronic (psychosocial) stress changes gut microbiota composition, as well as
inducing behavioural and physiological deficits. The microbial metabolites short‐chain fatty …

From asthma and heart disease to diabetes and obesity, the human microbiome plays a role
in the pathogenesis of each chronic health condition plaguing today's society. Recent work …