Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are known immune-modulators exerting a critical role in kidney
transplantation (KT). EV bioactive cargo includes graft antigens, costimulatory/inhibitory …

In recent years, cancer immunotherapy has been observed in numerous preclinical and
clinical studies for showing benefits. However, due to the unpredictable outcomes and low …

Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles that pass genetic material between various cells
to modulate or alter their biological function. The role of exosomes is to communicate with …

Diabetic alveolar bone defect (DABD) causes persistent bacterial infection, prolonged
inflammation, and delayed bone healing, making it a considerable clinical challenge. In this …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), comprising exosomes and microvesicles, are small
membranous structures secreted by nearly all cell types. They have emerged as crucial …

Proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) plays crucial roles in vascular
remodelling and stiffening in hypertension. Vascular adventitial fibroblasts are a key …

Macrophages play an important role in material-related immune responses and bone
formation, but the functionality of macrophage-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) in …

Extracellular vesicles (EV) are a very diverse group of cell-derived vesicles released by
almost all kind of living cells. EV are involved in intercellular exchange, both nearby and …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a heterogeneous population of lipid bilayer membrane-
bound vesicles which encapsulate bioactive molecules, such as nucleic acids, proteins, and …

Exosomes are multivesicular bodies of which the plasma membrane fuse to release the
caring moiety into the surrounding body fluids. They are best known for their function in …