The perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PNDs) are one of the most common
complications in elderly patients characterized by various forms of cognitive decline after …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a degenerative neurological disease that primarily affects the
elderly. Drug therapy is the main strategy for AD treatment, but current treatments suffer from …

Purpose This study aims to evaluate the effects of the intraoperative application of low-dose
esketamine on postoperative neurocognitive dysfunction (PND) in elderly patients …

Background: Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is common after surgery and
anesthesia, particularly in older patients. It has been reported that regional cerebral oxygen …

Background Identifying useful markers is essential for diagnosis and prevention of
perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PNDs). Here, we attempt to understand the research …

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a rapidly spreading acute respiratory infection
caused by SARS-CoV-2. The pathogenesis of the disease remains unclear. Recently …

Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a frequent complication of chronic liver disease (CLD) and
has a complex pathogenesis. Several preclinical and clinical studies have reported the …

Background Perioperative brain protection in older patients has been the focus of research
recently; meanwhile, exploring the relationship between regional cerebral oxygen saturation …

Altered hypoxia-inducible factor-alpha (HIF-α) activity may have significant consequences in
the hippocampus, which mediates declarative memory, has limited vascularization, and is …

Perioperative neurocognitive disorder (PND) is a common condition in elderly patients
undergoing surgery. Sedation, analgesia, regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rSO2), and …