Several mechanisms and cell types are involved in the regulation of the immune response.
These include mostly regulatory T cells (Tregs), regulatory macrophages (Mregs), myeloid …

Under steady-state conditions, bone marrow-derived immature myeloid cells (IMC)
differentiate into granulocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs). This differentiation is …

Suppression of antitumor immune responses is one of the main mechanisms by which tumor
cells escape from destruction by the immune system. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a large family of proteins that are expressed in immune cells
and various tumor cells. TLR7/8 are located in the intracellular endosomes, participate in …

Importance High levels of ERBB2 (formerly HER2)–specific type 1 T cells in the peripheral
blood are associated with favorable clinical outcomes after trastuzumab therapy; however …

Background and Aims GS‐9688 (selgantolimod) is a toll‐like receptor 8 agonist in clinical
development for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Antiviral activity of GS‐9688 has …

RNA sensors detect foreign and endogenous RNAs to protect the host by initiating innate
and adaptive immune response. In tumor microenvironment (TME), activation of RNA …

Background Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is characterised by high pathological
complete response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). However, refractory and poor NAC …

The involvement of inflammation in cancer progression is well-established. The immune
system can play both tumor-promoting and-suppressive roles, and efforts to harness the …

Myeloid‑derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are one of the major components of the tumor
microenvironment (TME), and are the main mediators of tumor‑induced …