The superior colliculus, or tectum in the case of non-mammalian vertebrates, is a part of the
brain that registers events in the surrounding space, often through vision and hearing, but …

Although microRNAs (miRNAs) are among the most intensively studied molecules of the
past 20 years, determining what is and what is not a miRNA has not been straightforward …

To explore the origins and consequences of tetraploidy in the African clawed frog, we
sequenced the Xenopus laevis genome and compared it to the related diploid X. tropicalis …

The whole-genome duplication 80 million years ago of the common ancestor of salmonids
(salmonid-specific fourth vertebrate whole-genome duplication, Ss4R) provides unique …

Premise of the Study Polyploidy or whole‐genome duplication (WGD) pervades the
evolutionary history of angiosperms. Despite extensive progress in our understanding of …

Fish are the most diversified group of vertebrates and, although progress has been made in
the past years, only relatively few fish species have been examined to date, with regards to …

For over a thousand years, the common goldfish (Carassius auratus) was raised throughout
Asia for food and as an ornamental pet. As a very close relative of the common carp …

Background The duplication of genes can occur through various mechanisms and is thought
to make a major contribution to the evolutionary diversification of organisms. There is …

Otoliths in bony fishes play an important role in the senses of balance and hearing. Otolith
mass and shape are, among others, likely to be decisive factors influencing otolith motion …

In the last decade, the concept of animal stress has been stressed thin to accommodate the
effects of short-term changes in cell and tissue physiology, major behavioral syndromes in …