Natural killer (NK) cells are cytotoxic lymphocytes of the innate immune system that are
capable of killing virally infected and/or cancerous cells. Nearly 20 years ago, NK cell …

Transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) signalling controls multiple cell fate decisions during
development and tissue homeostasis; hence, dysregulation of this pathway can drive …

Abstract The international American Joint Committee on Cancer/Union for International
Cancer Control (AJCC/UICC) tumour-node-metastasis (TNM) staging system provides the …

The liver is the sixth most common site of primary cancer in humans and the fourth leading
cause of cancer‐related death in the world. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounts for …

The tumor microenvironment is highly complex, and immune escape is currently considered
an important hallmark of cancer, largely contributing to tumor progression and metastasis …

Natural killer (NK) cells, a subgroup of innate lymphoid cells, act as the first line of defense
against cancer. Although some evidence shows that NK cells can develop in secondary …

T cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domains (TIGIT) is an inhibitory receptor expressed
on several types of lymphocytes. Efficacy of antibody blockade of TIGIT in cancer …

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common liver tumor and among the deadliest
cancers worldwide. Advanced HCC overall survival is meager and has not improved over …

Cancer is a complex disease whose outcome depends largely on the cross-talk between the
tumor and its microenvironment. Here, we review the evolution of the field of tumor …

Immunotherapy, with an increasing number of therapeutic dimensions, is becoming an
important mode of treatment for cancer patients. The inhibition of immune checkpoints …