We examined the pharmacologic characteristics of herpes simplex virus (HSV) vector-
mediated expression of proenkephalin in the dorsal root ganglion in a rodent model of …

The central nervous system in mammals is able to react to painful stimuli at many levels that
are involved in transmission, modulation and sensation of pain. Endogenous opioid …

Fos and Fos-related proteins are increased in spinal dorsal horn neurons following noxious
stimulation. The laminar location of neurons that exhibit this increase is coincident with those …

The rat lumbosacral spinal cord was immunocytochemically stained for Fos-like
immunoreactivity following repetitive colorectal distention (CRD) to 20, 40 or 80 mm Hg …

Pathological pain or clinical pain refers to tissue injury-induced inflammatory pain and nerve
injury-induced neuropathic pain and is often chronic. Pathological pain is an expression of …

Opioids are potent analgesic drugs with widespread cortical, subcortical, and spinal targets.
In particular, the central pain system comprising ascending and descending pain pathways …

The role of the neuropeptide calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) is well established in
nociceptive behaviors. CGRP is highly expressed in the projection pathway from the …

The development of central hypersensitivity as a result of a routine surgical procedure,
midline ovariohysterectomy, was investigated in rats using the paw pressure test (PPT) and …

In a search for CO2 chemoreceptor neurons in the brain stem, we used
immunocytochemistry to monitor the expression of neuronal c-fos, a marker of increased …

We report an anatomically defined opioid-responsive site in the rostral agranular insular
cortex (RAIC) of the rat and characterize the antinociception produced by morphine acting …