Recent advances in pain research illustrate the analytical power of modern neurosciences
in a field previously accessible only to methods of systems biology. Novel molecular and …

The conservative nature of animal evolution makes animal models the ideal tool for learning
about human biology. The Handbook of Laboratory Animal Science, Second Edition: Animal …

Background and purpose: Intrathecal administration of α2‐adrenoceptor agonists produces
potent analgesia. This study addressed the subtype of spinal α2‐adrenoceptor responsible …

Formalin injected subcutaneously into the hindpaw of the rat produces an animal model of
inflammation that exhibits a phasic component and a tonic component of pain. We evaluated …

Cortical spreading depression (CSD) is characterized by a transient, reversible depression
of EEG activity which advances across the cortical surface at a velocity of 2–5 mm/min. CSD …

Naloxone is known to decrease, increase or have no effect on nociceptive thresholds. Here,
using two commonly accepted pain-related behaviors (licking and flinching) associated with …

The sexual behaviors of both females and males are complex, but in males the role of
peripheral structures (eg, the penis) is more obvious. As we will see, hormones may affect …

Subcutaneous injection of a dilute formaldehyde solution (5 or 10%) into a hind paw
induced, in the majority of rats, the appearance of 'mirror pain': licking the contralateral …

Central catecholaminergic pathways carrying pain‐related signals to the hypothalamic
paraventricular nucleus (PVN) were investigated in laboratory rats. Four per cent formalin …

Injection of morphine (10 mg/kg) induced a complex immediate-early gene response in the
rat forebrain, as detected with immunocytochemistry. The c-Fos protein was induced …