Understanding cell–nanoparticle interactions is critical to developing effective nanosized
drug delivery systems. Nanoparticles have already advanced the treatment of several …

Optical tweezers (OTs) are innovative instruments utilized for the manipulation of
microscopic biological objects of interest. Rapid improvements in precision and degree of …

Erythrocytes (RBCs) are extremely sensitive cells, and although they do not have nuclei and
mitochondria, are important health indicators. This is particularly true because, during …

Energy production in the brain depends almost exclusively on oxidative metabolism.
Neurons have small energy reserves and require a continuous supply of oxygen (O 2). It is …

Application of modern and innovative spectroscopic and microscopic approaches to
biomedical analysis opens new horizons and sheds new light on many unexplored scientific …

Demonstration of the light radiation pressure on a microscopic level by A. Ashkin led to the
invention of optical tweezers (OT). Applied in the studies of living systems, OT have become …

The utilizations of microfluidic chips for single RBC (red blood cell) studies have attracted
great interests in recent years to filter, trap, analyze, and release single erythrocytes for …

Human red blood cells (RBCs) are approximately 8 μm in diameter, but must repeatedly
deform through capillaries as small as 2 μm in order to deliver oxygen to all parts of the …

Abnormal red blood cell (RBC) deformability contributes to hemolysis, thrombophilia,
inflammation, and microvascular occlusion in various circulatory diseases. A quantitative …

Cell injection plays an important role in genetics, transgenics, molecular biology, drug
discovery, reproductive study, and other biomedical fields. Compared with manual cell …