Ubiquitin-like proteins (Ubl's) are conjugated to target proteins or lipids to regulate their
activity, stability, subcellular localization, or macromolecular interactions. Similar to ubiquitin …

Ubc13 is an ubiquitin E2 conjugating enzyme that participates with many different E3 ligases
to form lysine 63-linked (Lys63) ubiquitin chains that are critical to signaling in inflammatory …

Background Radioresistance is the major obstacle in radiation therapy (RT) for
hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Dysregulation of DNA damage response (DDR), which …

The E3 ubiquitin ligase RNF 8 (RING finger protein 8) is a pivotal enzyme for DNA repair.
However, RNF 8 hyper‐accumulation is tumour‐promoting and positively correlates with …

Protein ubiquitination is a fundamental regulatory component in eukaryotic cell biology,
where a cascade of ubiquitin activating (E1), conjugating (E2), and ligating (E3) enzymes …

DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) are the most cytotoxic DNA lesions and, if not repaired,
lead to chromosomal rearrangement, genomic instability and cell death. Cells have evolved …

Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) are the lingua franca of cellular communication. Most
PTMs are enzyme-orchestrated. However, the reemergence of electrophilic drugs has …

DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are DNA lesions that must be accurately repaired in
order to preserve genomic integrity and cellular viability. The response to DSBs reshapes …

Cells are exposed to thousands of DNA damage events on a daily basis. This damage must
be repaired to preserve genetic information and prevent development of disease. The most …

Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a cryptogenic vascular disorder in the intracranial arteries.
RING protein 213 (RNF213) is the susceptibility gene for MMD, and encodes a RING …