Constitutions in authoritarian regimes are often denigrated as meaningless exercises in
political theater. Yet the burgeoning literature on authoritarian regimes more broadly has …

The relationship between de jure and de facto judicial independence is much debated in the
literature on judicial politics. Some studies find no relationship between the formal rules …

Forum shopping is problematic because it may lead to forum selling. For diverse motives,
including prestige, local benefits, or re-election, some judges want to hear more cases …

In recent years the patent system has come under trenchant criticism. There is a general
consensus that the system is both broken and a failure. 1 Many be-lieve the root cause of the …

PATENT EXPERIMENTALISM Lisa Larrimore Ouellette* 'first-order 65 Page 1 PATENT
EXPERIMENTALISM Lisa Larrimore Ouellette* M ANY scholars have wrestled with what I call …

The principal task of the US Patent & Trademark Office (" Patent Office" or" Agency") is to
determine whether an invention merits a reward of a patent. 1 There is growing consensus …

We nominally have a unitary patent system. With rare exceptions, the patent statutes don't
treat different technologies or different industries differently. Indeed, by treaty, patents are to …

Pharmaceutical companies often replace prescription drugs that are already on the market
with modified versions that have the same active pharmaceutical ingredient. On the surface …

The patent system seems in the midst of truly dramatic change. The last twenty years have
seen the rise of a new business model-the patent trollthat grew to become a majority of all …

The 2011 America Invents Act sought to drastically improve the American patent system by
creating new review processes for already issued patents. These processes were meant to …