Animal models of neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders require extensive
behavioral phenotyping. Currently, this presents several caveats and the most important …

Ecto-5′-nucleotidase [cluster of differentiation 73 (CD73)] is a ubiquitously expressed
glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored glycoprotein that converts extracellular adenosine …

Background Neuroinflammation‐induced secondary injury is an important cause of
sustained progression of spinal cord injury. Inflammatory programmed cell death pyroptosis …

Astrocytes play a crucial role in regulating sleep–wake behavior, and adenosine signaling is
generally thought to be involved. Here we show multiple lines of evidence supporting that …

Abstract Adenosine A 2A receptors (A 2A R) overfunction causes synaptic and memory
dysfunction in early Alzheimer's disease (AD). In a β-amyloid (Aβ 1-42)-based model of early …

Since the 1980s, we have witnessed the rapid development of genetically modified mouse
models of human diseases. A large number of transgenic and knockout mice have been …

Ectonucleotidase-mediated ATP catabolism provides a powerful mechanism to control the
levels of extracellular adenosine. While increased adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) …

Background Immune activation, specifically activation of macrophages and resident
microglia, leading to inflammation is a key component in the progression of spinal cord …

Adenosine A2A receptors (A2AR) control fear memory and the underlying processes of
synaptic plasticity in the amygdala. In other brain regions, A2AR activation is ensured by …

Hair loss is one of the most common skin problems experienced by more than half of the
world's population. In East Asia, medicinal herbs have been used widely in clinical practice …