The discovery of immune checkpoint proteins such as PD-1/PDL-1 and CTLA-4 represents a
significant breakthrough in the field of cancer immunotherapy. Therefore, humanized …

Immunotherapy has made remarkable strides in cancer therapy over the past decade.
However, such emerging therapy still suffers from the low response rates and immune …

Melanoma is the most lethal skin cancer that originates from the malignant transformation of
melanocytes. Although melanoma has long been regarded as a cancerous malignancy with …

Tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) include tumor cells, immune cells, cytokines, etc.
The interactions between these components, which are divided into anti-tumor and pro …

Decades of research have mapped out the basic mechanics of the Hippo pathway. The
paralogues Yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding …

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been used as an anti-tumor treatment method for a long
time and photosensitizers (PS) can be used in various types of tumors. Originally, light is an …

Gastric cancer (GC) ranks fifth in global cancer diagnosis and fourth in cancer-related death.
Despite tremendous progress in diagnosis and therapeutic strategies and significant …

Tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are considered crucial in anti-tumour immunity.
Accordingly, the presence of TILs contains prognostic and predictive value. In 2011, we …

The chemokine ligand CCL2 and its receptor CCR2 are implicated in the initiation and
progression of various cancers. CCL2 can activate tumour cell growth and proliferation …

Cancer is now considered a tumor microenvironment (TME) disease, although it was
originally thought to be a cell and gene expression disorder. Over the past 20 years …