Abstract mRNA vaccines have evolved from being a mere curiosity to emerging as COVID-
19 vaccine front-runners. Recent advancements in the field of RNA technology, vaccinology …

Vaccines are considered to be one of the greatest public health achievements of the last
century. Depending on the biology of the infection, the disease to be prevented, and the …

On November 7th and 8th, 2022, The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
(NIAID), part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), The Coalition for Epidemic …

Polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs) as safe drug delivery carriers, are spontaneously formed
by mixing the oppositely charged polyelectrolyte solutions in water without using organic …

Orally administered drug entities have to survive the harsh gastrointestinal environment,
penetrate the enteric epithelia and circumvent hepatic metabolism before reaching the …

The recent emergence of nanomedicine has revolutionized the therapeutic landscape and
necessitated the creation of more sophisticated drug delivery systems. Polymeric …

The powerful and intriguing idea that drives the emerging technology of microneedles—
shrinking the standard needle to a micron scale—has fostered an entire field of microneedle …

The field of nanotechnology has revolutionised global attempts to prevent, treat, and
eradicate infectious diseases in the foreseen future. Nanovaccines have proven to be a …

Most existing vaccines for human use are administered by needle-based injection.
Administering vaccines needle-free intranasally has numerous advantages over by needle …

Mucosal administration, and specifically nasal route, constitutes an alternative and
promising strategy for drug and vaccine delivery. Mucosal routes have several advantages …