The orexin-A/hypocretin-1 and orexin-B/hypocretin-2 are neuropeptides synthesized by a
cluster of neurons in the lateral hypothalamus and perifornical area. Orexin neurons receive …

In the present article, we provide a review of current knowledge regarding the role played by
physical activity (PA) in preventing age-related cognitive decline and reducing risk of …

In the present article, we provide a brief review of current knowledge regarding the effects
induced by physical exercise on hippocampus. Research involving animals and humans …

Osteopontin (OPN) is a multifunctional protein mainly associated with bone metabolism and
remodeling. Besides its physiological functions, OPN is implicated in the pathogenesis of a …

Exercise represents the most important integrative therapy in metabolic, immunologic and
chronic diseases; it represents a valid strategy in the non-pharmacological intervention of …

Recent findings showed that obesity represents an additional risk factor to developing brain
illness such as cognitive impairments and psychopathological disorders. However, some …

Hypocretin/orexin (ORX) are two hypothalamic neuropeptides discovered in 1998. Since
their discovery, they have been one of the most studied neuropeptide systems because of …

Introduction Sleep and migraine share a common pathophysiological substrate, although
the underlying mechanisms are unknown. The serotonergic and orexinergic systems are …

Twenty-five years have passed since the discovery of the orexin system, during which time
we have learned more and more about it. A number of studies have been conducted …

Adipose tissue, defined as white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT), is a
biological caloric reservoir; in response to over-nutrition it expands and, in response to …