Obesity has become a serious public health problem and a major risk factor for the
development of illnesses, such as insulin resistance and hypertension. Human homeostatic …

The master clock located in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) of the anterior hypothalamus
regulates circadian rhythms in mammals. The clock is an intracellular, transcriptional …

Background Domesticated from gray wolves between 10 and 40 kya in Eurasia, dogs
display a vast array of phenotypes that differ from their ancestors, yet mirror other …

The circadian pacemaker in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) of the hypothalamus
maintains phase coherence in peripheral cells through metabolic, neuronal, and humoral …

Although obesity is considered to result from an imbalance between energy uptake and
energy expenditure, the strategy of dietary changes and physical exercise has failed to …

Background Photolyases and cryptochromes are evolutionarily related flavoproteins, which
however perform distinct physiological functions. Photolyases (PHR) are evolutionarily …

The retinoids are a family of compounds that in nature are derived from vitamin A or pro‐
vitamin A carotenoids. An essential part of the diet for mammals, vitamin A has long been …

The internal circadian clock in mammals drives whole-body biological activity rhythms. The
clock reflects changes in external signals by controlling enzyme functions and the release of …

Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are endocrine-active chemical pollutants that disrupt
reproductive, neuroendocrine, cardiovascular and metabolic health across species. The …

Vitamin A is essential for brain function, in addition to its important roles in vision, immunity,
and reproduction. Previous studies have shown that retinoic acid (RA), the bioactive form of …