Host infection by a micro-organism triggers systemic inflammation, innate immunity and
complement pathways, but also haemostasis activation. The role of thrombin and fibrin …

Fibrinogen not only plays a pivotal role in hemostasis but also serves key roles in
antimicrobial host defense. As a rapidly assembled provisional matrix protein, fibrin (ogen) …

Pathogenic bacteria need to rapidly adjust their virulence and fitness program to prevent
eradication by the host. So far, underlying adaptation processes that drive pathogenesis …

What is a pathogen? What is a virulence factor? At one time, these were relatively
straightforward questions to address. During the late nineteenth century, when Pasteur and …

The development of infections caused by pathogenic bacteria is largely related to the
specific properties of the bacterial cell surface and extracellular hydrolytic activity …

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are important components of the innate immune system.
Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC), a food‐borne pathogen causing serious …

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are DNA and histone-based networks enriched with
granule-derived proteins cast out by neutrophils in response to various inflammatory stimuli …

Early after inhalation, Yersinia pestis replicates to high numbers in the airways in the
absence of disease symptoms or notable inflammatory responses to cause primary …

Yersinia pestis, the cause of plague, is a newly evolved Gram-negative bacterium. Through
the acquisition of the plasminogen activator (Pla), Y. pestis gained the means to rapidly …

Factor V Leiden as a mutant gene defect of hereditary thrombophilia exists peculiarly in
Caucasians but almost absent in people traditionally living in Asia. This lopsided …