Objective To evaluate degree of hydronephrosis (HN) as a surrogate for adverse
pathological features and oncologic outcomes in patients with high-grade (HG) and low …

Objectives To evaluate the clinical utility of voided urine fluorescence in situ hybridization
(FISH) for predicting the pathology of preoperative “low-risk” upper tract urothelial carcinoma …

Although several programmed cell death (PD)-1 inhibitors are approved for the first-line
treatment of advanced urothelial carcinoma, their efficacy remains unknown in cisplatin …

The mammalian ureter contains a water-tight epithelium surrounded by smooth muscle. Key
molecules have been defined which regulate ureteric bud initiation and drive the …

The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is an inflammation marker that has prognostic
value for various tumors, but its prognostic value in urothelial carcinoma (UC) remains …

Purpose After radical nephroureterectomy (RNU), approximately 22% to 47% of patients
with upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) develop a subsequent intravesical recurrence …

Abstract Background 5α-reductase inhibitors (5-ARIs) inhibit the pathway of converting the
testosterone to dihydrotestosterone and are widely used in benign prostatic hyperplasia …

Background Evidence suggests that CD204-positive (CD204+) tumor-infiltrating
macrophages are associated with aggressive behavior of various cancers; however, the …

Background Recent clinical trials have reported improved disease-free survival rates of
patients with stage pT3–4/ypT2–4 or pN+ upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) on …

Urothelial carcinoma (UC), arising from the urothelium of the urinary tract, can occur in the
upper (UTUC) and the urinary bladder (UBUC). A representative molecular aberration for …