During the past 40 years, cytokines and cytokine receptors have been extensively
investigated as either cancer targets or cancer treatments. A strong preclinical rationale …

Cellular metabolism orchestrates the intricate use of tissue fuels for catabolism and
anabolism to generate cellular energy and structural components. The emerging field of …

Anticancer nanomedicines have been proven effective in mitigating the side effects of
chemotherapeutic drugs. However, challenges remain in augmenting their therapeutic …

Several mechanisms and cell types are involved in the regulation of the immune response.
These include mostly regulatory T cells (Tregs), regulatory macrophages (Mregs), myeloid …

The immunosuppressive status of the tumor microenvironment (TME) remains poorly
defined due to a lack of understanding regarding the function of tumor-associated …

Simple Summary Tumor-Associated Macrophages (TAMs) play an important role in the
development of tumors, modulation of neoangiogenesis, immune suppression, and …

Macrophages play an important role in tissue homeostasis, tissue remodeling, immune
response, and progression of cancer. Consequently, macrophages exhibit significant …

Osteosarcoma, with poor survival after metastasis, is considered the most common primary
bone cancer in adolescents. Notwithstanding the efforts of researchers, its five-year survival …

Inflammation is a common medical complication in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients, which
plays significant roles in tumor progression and immunosuppression. However, the …

Nitric oxide and its production by iNOS is an established mechanism critical to tumor
promotion or suppression. Macrophages have important roles in immunity, development …