To accommodate daily recurring environmental changes, animals show cyclic variations in
behaviour and physiology, which include prominent behavioural states such as sleep–wake …

Circadian clocks are endogenous oscillators that control 24-hour physiological and
behavioural processes in organisms. These cell-autonomous clocks are composed of a …

The importance of circadian biology has rarely been considered in pre-clinical studies, and
even more when translating to the bedside. Circadian biology is becoming a critical factor for …

Molecules involved in innate immunity affect sleep and circadian oscillators and vice versa.
Sleep-inducing inflammatory molecules are activated by increased waking activity and …

The circadian clock is a master regulator of mammalian physiology, regulating daily
oscillations of crucial biological processes and behaviors. Notably, circadian disruption has …

Cellular life emerged∼ 3.7 billion years ago. With scant exception, terrestrial organisms
have evolved under predictable daily cycles owing to the Earth's rotation. The advantage …

Many systems on our planet shift abruptly and irreversibly from the desired state to an
undesired state when forced across a “tipping point”. Some examples are mass extinctions …

The mammalian circadian clock is built on a feedback loop in which PER and CRY proteins
repress their own transcription. We found that in mouse liver nuclei all three PERs, both …

Time in the biological sense is measured by cycles that range from milliseconds to years.
Circadian rhythms, which measure time on a scale of 24 h, are generated by one of the most …

Human behavior shows large interindividual variation in temporal organization. Extreme
“larks” wake up when extreme “owls” fall asleep. These chronotypes are attributed to …