Currently licensed COVID-19 vaccines are all designed for intramuscular (IM) immunization.
However, vaccination today failed to prevent the virus infection through the upper respiratory …

Vaccines are critical tools for maintaining global health. Traditional vaccine technologies
have been used across a wide range of bacterial and viral pathogens, yet there are a …

Despite the success of vaccination to greatly mitigate or eliminate threat of diseases caused
by pathogens, there are still known diseases and emerging pathogens for which the …

Abstract Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory
syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a global pandemic which has induced …

While vaccination remains the most cost effective strategy for disease prevention,
communicable diseases persist as the second leading cause of death worldwide. There is a …

To date, vaccination has become one of the most effective strategies to control and reduce
infectious diseases, preventing millions of deaths worldwide. The earliest vaccines were …

Vaccines are one of the most significant medical interventions in the fight against infectious
diseases. Since their discovery by Edward Jenner in 1796, vaccines have reduced the …

Summary Since the first World Health Organization notification on 31 December 2019,
coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), the respiratory disease caused by the coronavirus …

In the last decade, the interest in ferritin-based vaccines has been increasing due to their
safety and immunogenicity. Candidates against a wide range of pathogens are now on …

Fungal infections include a wide range of opportunistic and invasive diseases. Two of four
major fatal diseases in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection are …