Itaconate is one of the best examples of the consequences of metabolic reprogramming
during immunity. It is made by diverting aconitate away from the tricarboxylic acid cycle …

Mitochondria are critical for regulation of the activation, differentiation, and survival of
macrophages and other immune cells. In response to various extracellular signals, such as …

Metabolism in immune cells is no longer thought of as merely a process for adenosine
triphosphate (ATP) production, biosynthesis, and catabolism. The reprogramming of …

Metabolic reprogramming is emerging as a hallmark of the innate immune response, and
the dynamic control of metabolites such as succinate serves to facilitate the execution of …

Traditionally cellular respiration or metabolism has been viewed as catabolic and anabolic
pathways generating energy and biosynthetic precursors required for growth and general …

Remodeling of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle is a metabolic adaptation accompanying
inflammatory macrophage activation. During this process, endogenous metabolites can …

Immunoresponsive gene 1 (Irg1) is highly expressed in mammalian macrophages during
inflammation, but its biological function has not yet been elucidated. Here, we identify Irg1 as …

Macrophages represent the first line of defence in innate immune responses and
additionally serve important functions for the regulation of host inflammation and tissue …

Immunometabolism plays a fundamental role in health and diseases and involves multiple
genes and signals. Aconitate decarboxylase 1 (ACOD1; also known as IRG1) is emerging …

Immune-Responsive Gene 1 (Irg1) is a mitochondrial enzyme that produces itaconate under
inflammatory conditions, principally in cells of myeloid lineage. Cell culture studies suggest …