Background The role of the extracranial venous system in the pathology of central nervous
system (CNS) disorders and aging is largely unknown. It is acknowledged that the …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, progressive central neurological disease characterized
by inflammation and demyelination. In patients with MS, dysregulation of the autonomic …

Importance Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) is characterized by
restricted venous outflow from the brain and spinal cord. Whether this condition is …

The extra-cranial venous system is complex and not well studied in comparison to the
peripheral venous system. A newly proposed vascular condition, named chronic …

Background: Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) has been proposed as a
possible cause of multiple sclerosis (MS). Objectives: The CoSMo study evaluated the …

Purpose: To determine whether a correlation exists between chronic cerebrospinal venous
insufficiency (CCSVI) and multiple sclerosis (MS). Materials and Methods: A meta-analysis …

Objective Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease of the CNS.
Recently a controversial vascular hypothesis for MS, termed chronic cerebrospinal venous …

OBJECTIVE. Chronic cerebrospinal vascular insufficiency is a proposed condition of
intraluminal stenosis of the internal jugular vein (IJV) that impedes venous flow from the …

Objectives & Methods: We evaluated internal jugular vein and vertebral vein volume flow
using ultrasound, in patients with clinically isolated syndrome or mild multiple sclerosis and …

Objective: We aimed to evaluate the presence of venous stenosis and blood flow
abnormalities in the neck vessels of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), in respect to a …