The long-term accumulation of ammonia nitrogen in aquaculture seriously affects the life of
fish and even causes large-scale death. Moreover, when the concentration of ammonia …

This study evaluated the influence of hypoxia and ammonia-N co-exposure on oxygen
consumption, glucose metabolism and amino acid metabolism in hybrid grouper. The results …

Water improvements in aquaculture are among the critical solutions to remove ammonia
resulting from biological processes. In this study, the alga Chlorella vulgaris was used to …

Abstract The Ciliwung River is one of the main streams that pass Jakarta. This river flows
through the city's center and passes many villages, highly inhabited homes, and slums …

Nitrite and ammonia stress frequently have harmful effects on aquatic animals. However, the
effect of ammonia combined with nitrite on immunity is unclear. The present study aimed to …