Vaccination is a crucial prevention and control measure against H9N2 avian influenza
viruses (AIVs) that threaten poultry production and public health. However, H9N2 AIVs in …

H9N2 influenza viruses are globally endemic in birds, and a sharp increase in human
infections with H9N2 occurred during 2021 to 2022. In this study, we assess the antigenic …

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) serve as key regulators in gene expression and play a crucial role in
immune responses, holding a significant promise for diagnosing and managing diseases in …

We read with interest the work of Yuhai Bi and colleagues1 and Rengui Yang and
colleagues, 2 published in The Lancet Microbe, describing that H9N2 avian influenza …

Wild birds are considered to be the natural reservoir hosts of avian influenza viruses (AIVs).
Wild bird-origin AIVs may spill over into new hosts and overcome species barriers after …

This Special Issue highlights multiple facets of virus engineering, ranging from the dissection
of the biological properties of individual viral functions in the context of safe genomic …

Avian influenza virus (AIV) subtype H9N2 is the most widespread AIV in poultry worldwide,
causing great economic losses in the global poultry industry. Chickens and ducks are the …

Background Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a leading cause of mortality
worldwide, but disease burden of CAP is not clear so far. We aim to explore the spatial and …

In our research, we explored a natural substance called Oxymatrine, found in a traditional
Chinese medicinal plant, to fight against a common bird flu virus known as H9N2. This virus …

The bursa of Fabricius (BF) is a vital central humoral immune organ unique to birds. The
bioactive peptide BP7 derived from bursa is reported to promote the vaccine immune …