Pulmonary fibrosis is characterized by destruction and remodeling of the lung due to an
accumulation of collagen and other extracellular matrix components in the tissue. This …

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a highly morbid lung pathology induced by
exposure to chemical warfare agents, including vesicants, phosgene, chlorine, and ricin. In …

Purpose: Sulphur mustard (SM) is an highly toxic and vesicant chemical weapon that was
used in various military conflicts several times in the history. The severity of ocular, dermal …

Sulfur mustard (SM), a potent vesicating chemical warfare agent, and its analog nitrogen
mustard (NM), are both strong bi-functional alkylating agents. Eyes, skin, and the respiratory …

Sulfur mustard (SM) inhalation causes debilitating pulmonary injury in humans which
progresses to fibrosis. Herein, we developed a rat model of SM toxicity which parallels …

This report is based on the proceedings from the Inhalational Lung Injury Workshop jointly
sponsored by the American Thoracic Society (ATS) and the National Institutes of Health …

Most mortality and morbidity following exposure to vesicants such as sulfur mustard is due to
pulmonary toxicity. Acute injury is characterized by epithelial detachment and necrosis in the …

Sulfur mustard (SM) is a blistering chemical warfare agent that was used during the World
War I and in the Iraq–Iran conflict. The aim of this paper is to discuss and critically review the …

Inhalation of powerful chemical agents, such as sulfur mustard (SM), can have debilitating
pulmonary consequences, such as bronchiolitis obliterans (BO) and parenchymal fibrosis …

The skin is highly sensitive to the chemical warfare agent in mustard gas, sulfur mustard
(SM) that initiates a delayed injury response characterized by erythema, inflammation and …