Mechanical systems are becoming increasingly sophisticated and continually require
greater precision, improved reliability, and extended life. To meet the demand for advanced …

Research into the biomechanics of low speed rear impacts has focused primarily on the
kinematic responses of anthropometrie dummies and human subjects. Occupant muscular …

The human neck is vulnerable. In car accidents, inertia farces of the head can load or deform
the tissues of the neck beyond tolerabie limits, resulting in injury. Most neck injuries are …

Increasingly complex models of the neck neuromusculature need detailed muscle and
kinematic data for proper validation. The goal of this study was to measure the …

New and recently developed concepts and ideas useful in obtaining efficient computer
algorithms for solving the equations of motion of multi-body mechanical systems with flexible …

A three-dimensional analytical model of the cervical spine is described. The cervical
vertebrae and the head are modeled as rigid bodies which are interconnected by …

New and recently developed concepts useful for obtaining and solving equations of motion
of multibody mechanical systems with translation between the respective bodies of the …

With a validated mathematical model of the head-neck consisting of nine rigid bodies (skull,
seven cervical vertebrae, and torso), we simulated head impacts to estimate the injury risk …

Background In spite of the prevalence of occupational neck disorders as a result of work
force fluctuating from industry to sedentary office work, most cervical spine computational …

Injuries to the cervical spine are quite commonly found in traffic accidents. The mechanisms
of injury to the cervical spine are not fully understood, because the human cervical spine is …