ET (endothelin) is a powerful vasoconstrictor 21-amino acid peptide present in many tissues,
which exerts many physiological functions across the body and participates as a mediator in …

The polymorphic human leukocyte antigen (HLA) system has been considered the main
target for alloimmunity, but the non-HLA antibodies and autoimmunity have gained …

The role of anti-HLA antibodies in transplant rejection is well-known but the injury
associated with non-HLA antibodies is now widely discussed. The aim of our study was to …

Objective Angiotensin II type-1 receptor antibodies (AT1R-Ab) and endothelin-1 type-A
receptor antibodies (ETAR-Ab) are non-human leukocyte antigen (HLA) antibodies that can …

Background Non-human leukocyte antigen (non-HLA) antibodies including antibodies
targeting Angiotensin II type 1 (AT1R) and Endothelin-1 type A (ETAR) receptors represent a …

The purpose of this article is to assess the present knowledge about chronic active (CA) T-
cell mediated rejection (TCMR) of a kidney. In the research authors review current Banff …

Kidney transplantation is unquestionably the most advantageous and preferred treatment
when patients with end-stage renal disease are considered. It does have a substantially …

Kidney graft failure is not a homogenous disease and the Banff classification distinguishes
several types of graft rejection. The maintenance of a transplant and the treatment of its …

Background Antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR) plays a crucial role in graft loss during
allogeneic renal transplantation. In renal transplantation, ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is …

Background Endothelial cells are vital in the transplant immune system as semiprofessional
antigen‐presenting cells. Few studies have investigated the importance of anti‐endothelin …