Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide and around 10 million deaths in 2020 were
related to cancer. There are a number of therapeutic modalities for cancer such as …

Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary malignant bone tumour with a peak in
incidence during adolescence. Delayed patient presentation and diagnosis is common with …

Background Recently, a variety of clinical trials have shown that apatinib, a small-molecule
anti-angiogenic drug, exerts promising inhibitory effects on multiple solid tumors, including …

Recent clinical trials have shown several multi-target tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) to be
effective in the treatment of osteosarcoma. However, these TKIs have a number of targets …

Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) is activated by phosphorylation and
translocated to the nucleus to participate in the transcriptional regulation of DNA. Increasing …

The tumor microenvironment is a complex and dynamic ecosystem composed of various
physical cues and biochemical signals that facilitate cancer progression, and tumor …

Current in vitro models for osteosarcoma investigation and drug screening, including two-
dimensional (2D) cell culture and tumour spheroids (ie cancer stem-like cells), lack …

Osteosarcoma is the most commonly diagnosed form of bone cancer. It is characterized by a
high risk of developing lung metastasis as the disease progresses. Standard treatment …

Background Osteosarcoma (OS) is a common type of malignant bone tumor in adolescents
with high risk of metastasis. However, the clinical management still remains unsatisfactory …

Abstract Background Doxorubicin (Dox) is a widely used chemotherapy, but its effectiveness
is limited by dose-dependent side effects. Although lower Dox doses reduce this risk, studies …