Forest certification has expanded rapidly over the past five years. It was developed to make
use of the trade in forest products to promote and stimulate sustainable forest management …

3. The specific concerns of certification bodies i. Reduced diversity 10 ii. Asexual transfer of
genes 12 iii. Herbicide resistance genes 12 iv. Insect resistant GMOs 14 v. Lignin …

This paper is based on a dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the
Oxford University MSc course'Forestry and its relation to land use', 1999-2000. It addresses …