Hydrogels are used in many biomedical applications, including regenerative medicine and
surgical training phantoms. However, the ability to shape these materials into complex …

Hydrogels are highly hydrated polymeric networks used in tissue engineering to
homogenously encapsulate cells and other biological molecules. This class of biomaterials …

The use of hydrogels enables the encapsulation and patterning of living cells within 3-D
environment that closely mimic the physical, chemical, and biological aspects of the native …

Multimaterial additive manufacturing or three-dimensional (3D) printing of hydrogel
structures provides the opportunity to engineer geometrically dependent functionalities …

The encapsulation of cells within gelphase materials to form bioinks offers distinct
advantages for nextgeneration 3D bioprinting. 3D bioprinting has emerged as a promising …

There is great hope in 3D printing techniques to create patient specific scaffolds for
therapeutic applications. The majority of these approaches rely on materials that both give …

Cell printing is becoming a common technique to fabricate cellularized printed scaffold for
biomedical application. There are still significant challenges in soft tissue bioprinting using …

Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting has recently emerged as an extension of 3D material
printing, by using biocompatible or cellular components to build structures in an additive …

Abstract 4D printed hydrogels are 3D printed objects whose properties and functions are
programmable. In the definition of 4D printing, the fourth dimension arises from the ability of …

The proliferation of computer-aided design and additive manufacturing enables on-demand
fabrication of complex, three-dimensional structures. However, combining the versatility of …