Once temozolomide has failed, there is no recommended treatment option for pituitary
carcinomas and aggressive pituitary tumors. Immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) represent …

Objective After temozolomide failure, no evidence-based treatment is available for pituitary
carcinomas (PCs) and aggressive pituitary tumors (APTs). To date, only 12 cases treated …

After temozolomide failure, no evidence-based treatment option is currently available for
aggressive pituitary tumors (APTs) and pituitary carcinomas (PCs). Moreover, once …

Once temozolomide has failed, no other treatment is recommended for pituitary carcinomas
and aggressive pituitary tumors. Recently, the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has …

Background Pituitary carcinomas are rare but aggressive and require maximally coordinated
multimodal therapies. For refractory tumors, unresponsive to temozolomide (TMZ) …

Most pituitary adenomas (PAs) are considered benign tumors, but approximately 0.2% can
present metastasis and are classified as pituitary carcinomas (PCs). Refractory PAs lie …

Aggressive pituitary tumors (APTs) are associated with significant morbidity and mortality,
and effective treatment options are limited. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have …

Pituitary carcinoma is an aggressive tumor characterized by metastatic spread beyond the
sellar region. Symptoms can be debilitating due to hormonal excess and survival is poor …

Aggressive pituitary tumors account for up to 10% of pituitary tumors and are characterized
by resistance to medical treatment and multiple recurrences despite standard therapies …

Context Aggressive pituitary tumors that have progressed following temozolomide have
limited treatment options. Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy and immunotherapy may …