Muscle and bone are anatomically and functionally closely connected. The traditional
concept that skeletal muscles serve to load bone and transform skeletal segments into a …

The links between muscle and bone are not fully understood at the present time. However,
the development of research on the interactions between muscle and bone will be crucial for …

The musculoskeletal system is significantly more complex than portrayed by traditional
reductionist approaches that have focused on and studied the components of this system …

The musculoskeletal system evolved in mammals to perform diverse functions that include
locomotion, facilitating breathing, protecting internal organs, and coordinating global energy …

Bone is a biomechanical tissue shaped by forces from muscles and gravitation.
Simultaneous bone and muscle decay and dysfunction (osteosarcopenia or sarco …

The complexity of cell interactions with their microenvironment and their ability to
communicate at the autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine levels has gradually but …

The musculoskeletal system is a complex organ comprised of the skeletal bones, skeletal
muscles, tendons, ligaments, cartilage, joints, and other connective tissue that physically …

Osteoporosis and sarcopenia are age-related musculoskeletal pathologies that often
develop in parallel. Osteoporosis is characterized by a reduced bone mass and an …

Annual costs are enormous for musculoskeletal diseases such as osteoporosis and
sarcopenia and for bone and muscle injuries, costing billions annually in health care …

Exercise is an evolutionary conserved survival function that nowadays has beneficial health
effects. The increased metabolic activity of contracting skeletal muscle affects the biology of …