Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (the active ingredient of marijuana), as well as endogenous and
synthetic cannabinoids, exert many biological functions by activating two types of …

Cannabis has been used to treat gastrointestinal (GI) conditions that range from enteric
infections and inflammatory conditions to disorders of motility, emesis and abdominal pain …

The digestive tract contains endogenous cannabinoids (anandamide and 2-
arachidonylglycerol) and cannabinoid CB1 receptors can be found on myenteric and …

In the digestive tract there is evidence for the presence of high levels of endocannabinoids
(anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol) and enzymes involved in the synthesis and …

Recent work in the field of gastrointestinal pharmacology of cannabinoids has focused on
enteric endocannabinoid and endovanilloid systems and their modulation in …

The endocannabinoid system mainly consists of endogenously produced cannabinoids
(endocannabinoids) and two G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), cannabinoid receptors …

The synthesis and degradation of endocannabinoids, location of cannabinoid (CB)
receptors, and cannabinoid mechanisms of action on immune/inflammatory, neuromuscular …

In the past centuries, different preparations of marijuana have been used for the treatment of
gastrointestinal (GI) disorders, such as GI pain, gastroenteritis and diarrhea. Δ9 …

The enteric nervous system of several species, including the mouse, rat, guinea pig and
humans, contains cannabinoid CB1receptors that depress gastrointestinal motility, mainly by …

Cannabinoid (CB1) receptor activation acts neuronally, reducing GI motility, diarrhoea, pain,
transient lower oesophageal sphincter relaxations (TLESRs) and emesis, and promoting …